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Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors

Impact of dietary intake of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and microplastics on reproductive outcomes in perimenopausal populations.

77 sources ↓Last researched 2026-10-20
Hierarchy:
Natural & Life SciencesMedicine, Health & LongevityReproductive Medicine & Human FertilityToxicology and Endocrine DisruptorsDietary Exposure AssessmentEndocrine-Disrupting ChemicalsFertility and Reproductive OutcomesMicroplasticsReproductive AgingToxicokinetics and Bioaccumulation
+ Associated nodes:
Endocrine Disruptors (intersects) Environmental Toxicology and Occupational Exposure (intersects) Nutritional Sciences and Dietary Patterns (intersects) Sperm (intersects)
State of the Field Monograph · AI Research Synthesis3 min read · 77 sources · 8 graded findingsPeak certainty: T1

State of the Field: Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors

Impact of dietary intake of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and microplastics on reproductive outcomes in perimenopausal populations. Grounded synthesis across 77 primary sources and 8 graded findings within Medicine, Health & Longevity → Reproductive Medicine & Human Fertility.

Synopsis · Executive Overview

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and bisphenols, are firmly established as factors that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, leading to subfertility, anovulation, and accelerated reproductive senescence. Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly detected in human follicular fluid and placental tissue, where they are hypothesized to serve as vectors for other pollutants, though direct causal links to human reproductive failure remain under investigation. Dietary patterns, specifically the Western diet, correlate with higher total EDC body burdens. While micronutrient supplementation with folate, vitamin D, and antioxidants shows promise in mitigating oxidative stress linked to these exposures, definitive human clinical trials are currently limited.

Section I · Primary Literature & Evidence Synthesis

What the Peer-Reviewed Record Establishes

The primary research record in Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors is stratified by study design so that meta-analyses and replicated randomised controlled trials (T1–T2) carry greater epistemic weight than observational cohorts (T3–T4) or preclinical laboratory work (T5). Leading graded findings establish the core empirical baseline: [T1] Maternal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with reproductive anomalies, hormonal imbalances, and epigenetic alterations in placental tissue. [11][21] [T1] Micro- and nanoplastics accumulate in reproductive tissues, including follicular fluid and placenta, and are associated with impaired folliculogenesis and hormone imbalances. [6][3]

Further clinical and mechanistic stratification across the literature demonstrates: [T1] Dietary patterns such as a Western style diet increase human exposure to persistent and non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates and bisphenols. [28] [T1] Dietary and environmental microplastics absorb chemical pollutants and infiltrate human biological samples, potentially disrupting microbiota and reproductive health. [11][24]

Section II · Mechanisms, Interventions & Subgroup Calibration

Comparative Evaluation of Levers & Theoretical Models

Within the Tree of Knowledge, this field branches into 6 specialised sub-disciplines: Dietary Exposure Assessment (Methods for quantifying intake of EDCs and microplastics through food frequency questionnaires, biomonitoring (urine, serum), and food contaminant databases); Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (Chemicals that interfere with hormone signaling, including bisphenol A, phthalates, and parabens, and their dietary sources); Fertility and Reproductive Outcomes (Clinical endpoints such as ovulation rate, antral follicle count, time to pregnancy, miscarriage, and live‑birth rates in women approaching menopause); Microplastics (Synthetic polymer particles (<5 mm) present in food and water that can act as vectors for contaminant delivery and may affect endocrine function); Reproductive Aging (Physiological changes occurring in the perimenopausal transition, including declines in ovarian reserve, hormone variability, and altered fertility potential).

Section III · Historical Trajectory & Contested Frontiers

Evolution of the Field, Open Debates & Active Trials

Active scientific debates and unresolved methodological tensions centre on: While plastic particles have been detected in reproductive tissues, the threshold of exposure required to induce clinically significant reproductive impairment in humans is debated. (contested) Single cross-sectional study; correlations with serum estrogen/progesterone levels do not establish long-term reproductive impact. (weak evidence)

Section IV · Evidentiary Gaps & Research Frontiers

Open Questions & Priorities for the Next Research Sweep

Methodological priorities and open empirical questions queued for the next research sweep across Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors focus on resolving subgroup effect sizes, causal mechanisms, and long-term outcomes:

  • Lack of longitudinal data on microplastic accumulation over the perimenopausal transition.
  • Uncertainty regarding the 'cocktail effect' of multiple low-dose EDC exposures in human reproductive systems.
  • Lack of standardized metrics for human tissue-level microplastic concentration versus physiological impact.

Evidence Hierarchy (Graded Claims)

  • T1Synthesis of trials
    6 (75%)
  • T2Randomised trial
    0 (0%)
  • T3Observational, large
    1 (13%)
  • T4Observational, small or case-based
    1 (13%)
  • T5Preclinical or mechanistic
    0 (0%)
  • T6Opinion, news or unverified
    0 (0%)
5 settled3 debated0 contested / frontier

Study Designs in Indexed Literature

  • Meta-analyses, Systematic Reviews & Guidelines28 (36%)
  • Prospective Cohorts & Clinical Registries5 (6%)
  • Observational & Clinical Case Series1 (1%)
  • Preclinical, Cellular & Computational Models2 (3%)
  • Primary Literature & Archive Records41 (53%)

Publication Timeline Velocity

Fig. 1 — Field Evidence Architecture & Publication Trajectory. Distribution of methodological study designs (77 indexed publications) and 8 extracted claims graded from T1 (meta-analyses and guidelines) to T6.
Primary Citations & Landmark Studies

Key Studies Anchoring This Monograph

Synthesis & Conclusions

State of the Field Conclusions

Taken together, the evidence record in Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors (77 primary sources, 8 graded claims, highest certainty T1 — Synthesis of trials) separates replicated high-tier findings from early-stage hypotheses. The 3 open research priorities detailed above guide the next autonomous literature and clinical trial sweep.

Key Quantitative Takeaways

  • [T1] Maternal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with reproductive anomalies, hormonal imbalances, and epigenetic alterations in placental tissue.
  • [T1] Micro- and nanoplastics accumulate in reproductive tissues, including follicular fluid and placenta, and are associated with impaired folliculogenesis and hormone imbalances.
  • [T1] Dietary patterns such as a Western style diet increase human exposure to persistent and non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates and bisphenols.
  • [T1] Dietary and environmental microplastics absorb chemical pollutants and infiltrate human biological samples, potentially disrupting microbiota and reproductive health.
  • Open frontier in Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors: Lack of longitudinal data on microplastic accumulation over the perimenopausal transition.
Evidence by study design (8 findings across T1–T6)

Strongest support first. The bar beside each finding shows its grade.

Synthesis of trials

  1. #1 Maternal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with reproductive anomalies, hormonal imbalances, and epigenetic alterations in placental tissue.

    Microplastics: A threat to Fetoplacental unit and Reproductive systems (2025); The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproducti… (2024); The impact of Bisphenol-A on human reproductive health (2024); Epigenetic Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Breast Ca… (2024); and 6 more

    Strong mechanistic and clinical correlation exists between EDC exposure and adverse reproductive outcomes.

  2. #2 Micro- and nanoplastics accumulate in reproductive tissues, including follicular fluid and placenta, and are associated with impaired folliculogenesis and hormone imbalances.

    DebatedImpact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Female Reproductive Heal… (2026); Ovarian toxic effects of micro‑ and nanoplastics (Review) (2026); The Microplastics and Human Health: Focus on the Reproductive System (2025)

    Establishes microplastics as a novel environmental toxicant detected directly in human reproductive compartments.

  3. #3 Dietary patterns such as a Western style diet increase human exposure to persistent and non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates and bisphenols.

    Endocrine disruption and male reproductive disorders: unanswered que… (2024)

    Links dietary intake patterns to body burden of endocrine-disrupting chemicals relevant to reproduction.

  4. #4 Dietary and environmental microplastics absorb chemical pollutants and infiltrate human biological samples, potentially disrupting microbiota and reproductive health.

    DebatedMicroplastics: A threat to Fetoplacental unit and Reproductive systems (2025); Microplastics and environmental effects: investigating the effects o… (2024); Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics: invisible killers of fem… (2023); Reproductive toxicity of combined effects of endocrine disruptors on… (2023); and 2 more

    Microplastics act as carriers for endocrine disruptors, posing toxicological risks to reproductive systems.

  5. #5 Micronutrient status such as adequate folic acid, vitamin D, and antioxidants can attenuate adverse health outcomes related to endocrine-disrupting chemical exposures.

    Micronutrients as Mitigators of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Health… (2026)

    Highlights actionable nutritional strategies to mitigate environmental toxicant impacts.

  6. #6 Evidence for microplastic (MP) exposure as a cause of adverse reproductive outcomes in humans is currently limited, with a systematic review rating human reproductive evidence (sperm quality) as high quality for 'suspected' harm and female follicle/hormonal effects as moderate quality.

    DebatedMicroplastics exposure: implications for human fertility, pregnancy … (2024); Effects of Microplastic Exposure on Human Digestive, Reproductive, a… (2024); Sources, Degradation, Ingestion and Effects of Microplastics on Huma… (2023)

    While animal models consistently show toxicity, human observational data is sparse, making the exact degree of clinical impact on perimenopausal or reproductive populations unclear.

Observational, large

  1. #7 In a cohort of 388 pregnant women, specific polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) showed positive associations with serum glucose and cholesterol levels during pregnancy.

    Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and cardiometaboli… (2021)

    Demonstrates specific metabolic alterations linked to environmental chemical burdens during pregnancy.

Observational, small or case-based

  1. #8 In a cross-sectional study of 90 women, urinary phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A showed positive associations with serum estrogen and progesterone levels.

    Exploring the association between environmental exposure to phthalat… (2026)

    Demonstrates specific biochemical correlations between EDC exposure and human reproductive hormone levels.

Where the record disagrees (2 controversies)

  • While plastic particles have been detected in reproductive tissues, the threshold of exposure required to induce clinically significant reproductive impairment in humans is debated.

    Findings #4, #2, #6

  • Single cross-sectional study; correlations with serum estrogen/progesterone levels do not establish long-term reproductive impact.

    Findings #8

Node lineage & crossover disciplines

Parent lineage, active node, direct child sub-branches, and associated crossover disciplines across the Tree of Knowledge.

Hierarchy:
Natural & Life SciencesMedicine, Health & LongevityReproductive Medicine & Human FertilityToxicology and Endocrine DisruptorsDietary Exposure AssessmentEndocrine-Disrupting ChemicalsFertility and Reproductive OutcomesMicroplasticsReproductive AgingToxicokinetics and Bioaccumulation
+ Associated nodes:
Endocrine Disruptors (intersects) Environmental Toxicology and Occupational Exposure (intersects) Nutritional Sciences and Dietary Patterns (intersects) Sperm (intersects)
  • + intersects Endocrine Disruptors — Shared mechanisms, study designs, or quantitative benchmarks between Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors and Endocrine Disruptors.
  • + intersects Environmental Toxicology and Occupational Exposure — Shared mechanisms, study designs, or quantitative benchmarks between Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors and Environmental Toxicology and Occupational Exposure.
  • + intersects Nutritional Sciences and Dietary Patterns — Shared mechanisms, study designs, or quantitative benchmarks between Nutritional Sciences and Dietary Patterns and Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors.
  • + intersects Sperm — Shared mechanisms, study designs, or quantitative benchmarks between Toxicology and Endocrine Disruptors and Sperm.

Branches

  • Dietary Exposure Assessment Methods for quantifying intake of EDCs and microplastics through food frequency questionnaires, biomonitoring (urine, serum), and food contaminant databases.
  • Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Chemicals that interfere with hormone signaling, including bisphenol A, phthalates, and parabens, and their dietary sources.
  • Fertility and Reproductive Outcomes Clinical endpoints such as ovulation rate, antral follicle count, time to pregnancy, miscarriage, and live‑birth rates in women approaching menopause.
  • Microplastics Synthetic polymer particles (<5 mm) present in food and water that can act as vectors for contaminant delivery and may affect endocrine function.
  • Reproductive Aging Physiological changes occurring in the perimenopausal transition, including declines in ovarian reserve, hormone variability, and altered fertility potential.
  • Toxicokinetics and Bioaccumulation Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of dietary EDCs and microplastics, with emphasis on cumulative body burden in middle‑aged women.
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Primary indexed sources (77)

Primary scientific literature, systematic reviews, and clinical trial registrations indexed for this branch.

  1. Endocrine Disruptors and Gynecological Malignancies — Dimitris Baroutis, Eleni Katsianou, Konstantinos Koukoubanis et al. Diagnostics, 2026, systematic review, 3 citations · DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics16132116
  2. Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides as Drivers of Human Disease: Mechanistic Toxicology and Life-Course Health Effects — Nour El‐Hoda A. Zidan, Tarek Alshaal, Nevien Elhawat et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2026, systematic review, 1 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms27156928
  3. Ovarian toxic effects of micro‑ and nanoplastics (Review) — S-R Zhao, Weiting YUAN, Ping Li et al. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2026, systematic review, 1 citations · DOI: 10.3892/etm.2026.13222
  4. Micronutrients as Mitigators of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Health Effects: A Scoping Review and Framework for Epidemiologic Studies — Heather M. Guetterman, Jessie Poulin Buckley, Kasandra Sanidad et al. Current Environmental Health Reports, 2026, systematic review, 1 citations · DOI: 10.1007/s40572-026-00536-8
  5. Reproductive risks of microplastics in assisted reproduction — Di Mao, Wenhui Nan, Jizhou Li et al. EBioMedicine, 2026, expert opinion · DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106426
  6. Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Female Reproductive Health: Ovarian Function, Pregnancy Outcomes, and Placental Transfer — Kanishkaa Shah Oxford Journal of Student Scholarship, 2026, expert opinion · DOI: 10.65161/recv2bgkmfmettf1v
  7. Exploring the association between environmental exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A and changes in reproductive hormones in women: a cross-sectional study — Fallah Hashemi, Lori Hoepner, Farahnaz Soleimani Hamidinejad et al. Scientific Reports, 2026, cross sectional · DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-67569-9
  8. Effects of phthalates on mammalian adipose tissue — Flávia C.F. Dos Santos, Kerrington R Eskridge, Mary J. Laws et al. Toxicological Sciences, 2026, systematic review · DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfag111
  9. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Microplastics in Albino Rats: Mechanisms and Implications — T. Geetharathan, M. Hemalatha, P. Jeevana Lakshmi et al. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 2026 · DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.29s.107
  10. Investigating changes in serum metabolome and urinary endocrine disrupting chemicals in cats with hyperthyroidism — Ayelet Ziv‐Gal, Megan M. Mahoney, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos et al. Veterinary Research Communications, 2026 · DOI: 10.1007/s11259-026-11169-5
  11. Microplastics: A threat to Fetoplacental unit and Reproductive systems — Abass Toba Anifowoshe, Md Noor Akhtar, Abisola Majeed et al. Toxicology Reports, 2025, systematic review, 30 citations · DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101938
  12. Nontargeted Urinary Profiling Strategy for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Women with Ovarian Malignancies — Helena Plešnik, Žan Rekar, Stefanela Stevanović et al. Environmental Science & Technology, 2025, case control, 7 citations · DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c13290
  13. Reproductive Effects of Endocrine Disruptors in Domestic Ruminants: Integrating In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence — Vasiliki Sapanidou, Sophia N. Lavrentiadou, Maria P. Tsantarliotou Animals, 2025, systematic review, 6 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ani15182712
  14. Nutritional Changes to Improve Female Fertility: Role of Obesity, Hormones, Dietary Patterns and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals — Clara Noguera-Navarro, Joana Candela‐González, Esteban Orenes‐Piñero Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2025, systematic review, 5 citations · DOI: 10.1097/ogx.0000000000001330
  15. Microplastics Exposure Is Harmful to Male Reproductive Health — Zubair Muhammad, Qiming Yang, Nan Liu IntechOpen eBooks, 2025, expert opinion, 3 citations · DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1012349
  16. The Microplastics and Human Health: Focus on the Reproductive System — Katarzyna Trela, Aleksander Tuteja, Laura Więcko et al. Quality in Sport, 2025, systematic review, 2 citations · DOI: 10.12775/qs.2025.48.67035
  17. Effects of Ashwagandha on Reproductive Health: A Systematic Review of Sex‐Specific Hormonal and Fertility Outcomes — Debajyoti Roy, Debajyoti Roy, Maitrayee Ghosh et al. Phytotherapy Research, 2025, systematic review, 1 citations · DOI: 10.1002/ptr.70128
  18. Transforming the interrelated nature of human psychoneuroendocrine health and endocrine disrupting compounds in our planet’s water: from Wilhelm Waldeyer’s neuron theory to an artificial intelligence extension of the human body? — Sophie Schweizer-Schubert, Götz von Waldeyer-Hartz, Susann-Elisabeth Schütze et al. Frontiers in Medicine, 2025, expert opinion · DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1583203
  19. The interplay of diet and environment unraveling their influence on human fertility — Abhishek Verma, Nasona Lasu Charles, Darla Srinivasa Rao et al. International Journal of Enhanced Research in Medicines & Dental Care, 2025, expert opinion · DOI: 10.55948/ijermdc.2025.0602
  20. Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events — Raffaele Marfella, Francesco Prattichizzo, Celestino Sardu et al. New England Journal of Medicine, 2024, cohort, 1196 citations · DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2309822
  21. The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system — Jing Pan, Pengfei Liu, Xiao Yu et al. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024, unknown, 176 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1324993
  22. Effects of Microplastic Exposure on Human Digestive, Reproductive, and Respiratory Health: A Rapid Systematic Review — Nicholas Chartres, Courtney Cooper, Garret D. Bland et al. Environmental Science & Technology, 2024, systematic review, 166 citations · DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09524
  23. Microplastics exposure: implications for human fertility, pregnancy and child health — Rewa E. Zurub, Yusmaris Cariaco, Michael G. Wade et al. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024, unknown, 147 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1330396
  24. Microplastics and environmental effects: investigating the effects of microplastics on aquatic habitats and their impact on human health — Aref Yarahmadi, SeyedeMozhgan Heidari, Parisa Sepahvand et al. Frontiers in Public Health, 2024, systematic review, 64 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1411389
  25. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Hypothalamic Inflammation and Reproductive Outcomes: A Review of the Literature — Galateia Stathori, Kyriaki Hatziagapiou, George P. Mastorakos et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, systematic review, 33 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111344
  26. The impact of Bisphenol-A on human reproductive health — Esther A Salami, Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo Rotimi Toxicology Reports, 2024, systematic review, 30 citations · DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101773
  27. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Breast Cancer and Their Impact on Dietary Intake — Desh Deepak Singh Journal of Xenobiotics, 2024, expert opinion, 28 citations · DOI: 10.3390/jox15010001
  28. Endocrine disruption and male reproductive disorders: unanswered questions — Richard M. Sharpe Human Reproduction, 2024, systematic review, 20 citations · DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae143
  29. Associations of personal care products use with reproductive outcomes of IVF/ICSI treatment — Qing-Chun Guo, Wen Yao, Chong Liu et al. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024, 2 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1320893
  30. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disease Endpoints — Changhwan Ahn, Eui‐Bae Jeung International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, unknown, 251 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065342
  31. Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Heavy Metals on Human Health — Dongling Liu, Qianhan Shi, Cuiqing Liu et al. Toxics, 2023, unknown, 152 citations · DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040322
  32. Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Livestock Health: An Emerging Risk for Reproductive Efficiency — Susy Urli, Francesca Corte Pause, Martina Crociati et al. Animals, 2023, unknown, 112 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ani13071132
  33. Reproductive toxicity of combined effects of endocrine disruptors on human reproduction — Sulagna Dutta, Pallav Sengupta, Sovan Bagchi et al. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2023, unknown, 96 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1162015
  34. Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Children’s Health — Giada Maria Di Pietro, Francesca Forcucci, Francesco Chiarelli International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, unknown, 92 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032671
  35. Hormones and Aging: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement — Anne Rentoumis Cappola, Richard Joseph Auchus, Ghada El‐Hajj Fuleihan et al. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2023, unknown, 89 citations · DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad225
  36. Sources, Degradation, Ingestion and Effects of Microplastics on Humans: A Review — Yan-Duan Lin, Ping‐Hsiu Huang, Yuwei Chen et al. Toxics, 2023, systematic review, 88 citations · DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090747
  37. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and male fertility: from physiological to molecular effects — Marwa Lahimer, Maria Abou Diwan, Debbie Montjean et al. Frontiers in Public Health, 2023, systematic review, 80 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1232646
  38. Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics: invisible killers of female fertility and offspring health — Yuli Geng, Zhuo Liu, Runan Hu et al. Frontiers in Physiology, 2023, systematic review, 72 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1254886
  39. Endocrine Disruptor Compounds in Environment: Focus on Women’s Reproductive Health and Endometriosis — Livia Interdonato, Rosalba Siracusa, Roberta Fusco et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, systematic review, 58 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065682
  40. The influence of various endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system — Agata Czarnywojtek, Magdalena Borowska, Kamil Dyrka et al. Endokrynologia Polska, 2023, systematic review, 28 citations · DOI: 10.5603/ep.a2023.0034
  41. Current Evidence on the Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Bone Growth and Health — Anna-Mariia Shulhai, Paola Palanza, Maria Elisabeth Street Exposure and Health, 2023, 19 citations · DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00607-3
  42. Do macrophages play a role in the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on testicular functions? — Haoyi Cui, Martine Culty Frontiers in Toxicology, 2023, 11 citations · DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1242634
  43. Investigating the relationship between non-occupational pesticide exposure and metabolomic biomarkers — Saranya Palaniswamy, Khaled M. Abass, Jaana Rysä et al. Frontiers in Public Health, 2023, 7 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248609
  44. Prenatal Exposure to Acrylamide Differently Affected the Sex Ratio, Aromatase and Apoptosis in Female Adult Offspring of Two Subsequent Generations — Maria Arafah, Nouf Aldawood, Abdulkarem Alrezaki et al. Physiological Research, 2023, 4 citations · DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934975
  45. The environment and female fertility : a study of the role of endocrine disruptors on the ovarian reserve — Maximilien Génard-Walton 2023, 2 citations · DOI: 10.70675/4db6063bza2e8z49cfz9278z2d7905f87fc2
  46. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Reproductive Outcomes — Arianna D’Angelo, Georgina St Pier Springer eBooks, 2023 · DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36494-5_8
  47. Effects of Microplastics on Fish and in Human Health — Md. Simul Bhuyan Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022, unknown, 556 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.827289
  48. Impact of Chemical Endocrine Disruptors and Hormone Modulators on the Endocrine System — Valentina Guarnotta, Roberta Amodei, Francesco Frasca et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, unknown, 170 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105710
  49. Microplastics and Their Impact on Reproduction—Can we Learn From the C. elegans Model? — Elysia Jewett, Gareth Arnott, Lisa Connolly et al. Frontiers in Toxicology, 2022, unknown, 109 citations · DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.748912
  50. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn? — Barbara Predieri, Lorenzo Iughetti, Sergio Bernasconi et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, systematic review, 96 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911899
  51. Is Wild Marine Biota Affected by Microplastics? — Nunziatina Porcino, Teresa Bottari, Monique Mancuso Animals, 2022, systematic review, 54 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ani13010147
  52. Critical review and analysis of literature on low dose exposure to chemical mixtures in mammalian in vivo systems — Chris S. Elcombe, Neil P. Evans, Michelle Bellingham Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2022, systematic review, 43 citations · DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2091423
  53. The Potential Relationship Between Environmental Endocrine Disruptor Exposure and the Development of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis — Victoria R. Stephens, Jelonia Tasha Rumph, Sharareh Ameli et al. Frontiers in Physiology, 2022, expert opinion, 39 citations · DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.807685
  54. Prenatal Exposure to an EDC Mixture, NeuroMix: Effects on Brain, Behavior, and Stress Responsiveness in Rats — Andrea C. Gore, Tatum Moore, Matthew J. Groom et al. Toxics, 2022, animal, 32 citations · DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030122
  55. Midlife Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations and Prior Uterine Fibroid Diagnosis — Diana C. Pacyga, Brad A. Ryva, Romana A. Nowak et al. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 20 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052741
  56. Polystyrene microplastics disturb maternal-fetal immune balance and cause reproductive toxicity in pregnant mice — Jianing Hu, Xiaoli Qin, Jinwen Zhang et al. Reproductive Toxicology, 2021, animal, 225 citations · DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.10.002
  57. A review of environmental metabolism disrupting chemicals and effect biomarkers associating disease risks: Where exposomics meets metabolomics — Jiachen Sun, Runcheng Fang, Hua Wang et al. Environment International, 2021, unknown, 183 citations · DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106941
  58. Endocrine disruptors of sex hormone activities — Lyuba Varticovski, Diana A. Stavreva, Andrew McGowan et al. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2021, systematic review, 73 citations · DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111415
  59. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and cardiometabolic indices during pregnancy: The HOME Study — Ann M. Vuong, Joseph M. Braun, Andreas Sjödin et al. Environment International, 2021, cohort, 55 citations · DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106747
  60. Combined Effects of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Prostate Gland — Maria De Falco, Vincenza Laforgia International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, systematic review, 39 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189772
  61. The Beneficial Role of Natural Endocrine Disruptors: Phytoestrogens in Alzheimer’s Disease — Anita Domańska, Arkadiusz Orzechowski, Anna Litwiniuk et al. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, 21 citations · DOI: 10.1155/2021/3961445
  62. Safety Assessment of Endocrine Disruption by Menopausal Health Functional Ingredients — So Yeon Kang, Hagyeong Jo, Mee-Ran Kim Healthcare, 2021, 5 citations · DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101376
  63. Endocrine Disruptors in Water and Their Effects on the Reproductive System — Andressa Varella Gonsioroski, Vasiliki E. Mourikes, Jodi Anne Flaws International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, unknown, 337 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061929
  64. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals’ (EDCs) Effects on Tumour Microenvironment and Cancer Progression: Emerging Contribution of RACK1 — Erica Buoso, Mirco Masi, Marco Racchi et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, expert opinion, 97 citations · DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239229
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