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Inorganic, Coordination & Solid-State Chemistry

Main-group and transition-metal coordination complexes, ligand field theory, organometallics, heterogeneous catalysis, crystallography, and solid-state materials.

22 sources ↓Last researched 2026-10-16
Hierarchy:
Natural & Life SciencesChemistry & Molecular SciencesInorganic, Coordination & Solid-State ChemistryLeaf node (no child sub-branches yet)

State of the Field: Inorganic, Coordination & Solid-State Chemistry

Main-group and transition-metal coordination complexes, ligand field theory, organometallics, heterogeneous catalysis, crystallography, and solid-state materials. Grounded synthesis across 22 primary sources and 6 graded findings within Natural & Life Sciences → Chemistry & Molecular Sciences.

Synopsis · Executive Overview

Inorganic, Coordination & Solid-State Chemistry investigates main-group and transition-metal coordination complexes, ligand field theory, organometallics, heterogeneous catalysis, crystallography, and solid-state materials.

Section I · Primary Literature & Evidence Synthesis

What the Peer-Reviewed Record Establishes

The primary research record in Inorganic, Coordination & Solid-State Chemistry is stratified by study design so that meta-analyses and replicated randomised controlled trials (T1–T2) carry greater epistemic weight than observational cohorts (T3–T4) or preclinical laboratory work (T5). Leading graded findings establish the core empirical baseline: [T6] Automated structure validation was introduced in chemical crystallography about 12 years ago as a tool to assist practitioners with the exponential growth in crystal structure analyses. [10] [T6] The CCP4 (Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4) software suite is a collection of programs and associated data and software libraries which can be used for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography. [6]

Further clinical and mechanistic stratification across the literature demonstrates: [T6] Macromolecular X-ray crystallography is routinely applied to understand biological processes at a molecular level. [8] [T6] A new software suite, called Crystallography & NMR System (CNS), has been developed for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography or solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. [21]

Section II · Mechanisms, Interventions & Subgroup Calibration

Comparative Evaluation of Levers & Theoretical Models

Within Natural & Life Sciences → Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, mechanistic and clinical evaluation in Inorganic, Coordination & Solid-State Chemistry focuses on main-group and transition-metal coordination complexes, ligand field theory, organometallics, heterogeneous catalysis, crystallography, and solid-state materials. Primary publications in the current corpus span Chemical reviews, Journal of chemical theory and computation, Nature communications, Accounts of chemical research.

Section III · Historical Trajectory & Contested Frontiers

Evolution of the Field, Open Debates & Active Trials

Chronologically, the field evolved through key inflection points: in 2004, Data Collection, Clinical Care and Interventions in CCR, NCI (This study provides cancer care through the National Cancer Institute's Medical Oncology Branch (MOB) to patients who are not enrolled in an active treatment research protocol); in 2021, 1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. (BackgroundThe full range of long-term health consequences of COVID-19 in patients who are discharged from hospital is largely unclear); in 2021, 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. (BackgroundThe long-term health consequences of COVID-19 remain largely unclear); in 2026, Puerarin extends lifespan and enhances the resistance to oxidative stress through AMPK/TFEB mediated autopha… (As the aging population increases, exploring effective strategies to delay aging and promote healthy longevity has become a crucial topic in the life sciences).

Section IV · Evidentiary Gaps & Research Frontiers

Open Questions & Priorities for the Next Research Sweep

Ongoing autonomous research sweeps continue to monitor newly registered clinical trials, preprints, and systematic reviews in Inorganic, Coordination & Solid-State Chemistry to refine subgroup effect sizes and update epistemic grades.

Evidence Hierarchy (Graded Claims)

  • T1Synthesis of trials
    0 (0%)
  • T2Randomised trial
    0 (0%)
  • T3Observational, large
    0 (0%)
  • T4Observational, small or case-based
    0 (0%)
  • T5Preclinical or mechanistic
    0 (0%)
  • T6Opinion, news or unverified
    6 (100%)
6 settled0 debated0 contested / frontier

Study Designs in Indexed Literature

  • Preclinical, Cellular & Computational Models1 (5%)
  • Primary Literature & Archive Records21 (95%)

Publication Timeline Velocity

Fig. 1 — Field Evidence Architecture & Publication Trajectory. Distribution of methodological study designs (22 indexed publications) and 6 extracted claims graded from T1 (meta-analyses and guidelines) to T6.
Primary Citations & Landmark Studies

Key Studies Anchoring This Monograph

Synthesis & Conclusions

State of the Field Conclusions

Taken together, the evidence record in Inorganic, Coordination & Solid-State Chemistry (22 primary sources, 6 graded claims, highest certainty T6 — Opinion, news or unverified) separates replicated high-tier findings from early-stage hypotheses. Subsequent research sweeps will continue tracking newly registered clinical trials and preprints to update this monograph.

Key Quantitative Takeaways

  • [T6] Automated structure validation was introduced in chemical crystallography about 12 years ago as a tool to assist practitioners with the exponential growth in crystal structure analyses.
  • [T6] The CCP4 (Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4) software suite is a collection of programs and associated data and software libraries which can be used for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography.
  • [T6] Macromolecular X-ray crystallography is routinely applied to understand biological processes at a molecular level.
  • [T6] A new software suite, called Crystallography & NMR System (CNS), has been developed for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography or solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Historical timeline (4 milestones, 2004–2026)
  1. 2004

    Data Collection, Clinical Care and Interventions in CCR, NCI

    This study provides cancer care through the National Cancer Institute's Medical Oncology Branch (MOB) to patients who are not enrolled in an active treatment research protocol.

  2. 2021

    1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study.

    BackgroundThe full range of long-term health consequences of COVID-19 in patients who are discharged from hospital is largely unclear.

  3. 2021

    6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study.

    BackgroundThe long-term health consequences of COVID-19 remain largely unclear.

  4. 2026

    Puerarin extends lifespan and enhances the resistance to oxidative stress through AMPK/TFEB mediated autopha…

    As the aging population increases, exploring effective strategies to delay aging and promote healthy longevity has become a crucial topic in the life sciences.

Evidence by study design (6 findings across T1–T6)

Strongest support first. The bar beside each finding shows its grade.

Opinion, news or unverified

  1. #1 Automated structure validation was introduced in chemical crystallography about 12 years ago as a tool to assist practitioners with the exponential growth in crystal structure analyses.

    Structure validation in chemical crystallography. (2009)

    Extracted from indexed expert opinion literature (2009, 9963 citations).

  2. #2 The CCP4 (Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4) software suite is a collection of programs and associated data and software libraries which can be used for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography.

    Overview of the CCP4 suite and current developments. (2011)

    Extracted from indexed expert opinion literature (2011, 10182 citations).

  3. #3 Macromolecular X-ray crystallography is routinely applied to understand biological processes at a molecular level.

    PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular struc… (2010)

    Extracted from indexed expert opinion literature (2010, 22021 citations).

  4. #4 A new software suite, called Crystallography & NMR System (CNS), has been developed for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography or solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

    Crystallography & NMR system: A new software suite for macromolecula… (1998)

    Extracted from indexed expert opinion literature (1998, 13781 citations).

  5. #5 MolProbity is a structure-validation web service that provides broad-spectrum solidly based evaluation of model quality at both the global and local levels for both proteins and nucleic acids.

    MolProbity: all-atom structure validation for macromolecular crystal… (2010)

    Extracted from indexed expert opinion literature (2010, 13010 citations).

  6. #6 The CCP4 (Collaborative Computational Project, number 4) program suite is a collection of programs and associated data and subroutine libraries which can be used for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography.

    The CCP4 suite: programs for protein crystallography. (1994)

    Extracted from indexed expert opinion literature (1994, 13977 citations).

Node lineage & crossover disciplines

Parent lineage, active node, direct child sub-branches, and associated crossover disciplines across the Tree of Knowledge.

Hierarchy:
Natural & Life SciencesChemistry & Molecular SciencesInorganic, Coordination & Solid-State ChemistryLeaf node (no child sub-branches yet)
+ Associated nodes:

Branches

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Primary indexed sources (22)

Primary scientific literature, systematic reviews, and clinical trial registrations indexed for this branch.

  1. Metallaphotoredox: The Merger of Photoredox and Transition Metal Catalysis. — Chan AY, Perry IB, Bissonnette NB et al. Chemical reviews, 2022, expert opinion, 854 citations · DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00383
  2. A Robust and Accurate Tight-Binding Quantum Chemical Method for Structures, Vibrational Frequencies, and Noncovalent Interactions of Large Molecular Systems Parametrized for All spd-Block Elements (Z = 1-86). — Grimme S, Bannwarth C, Shushkov P Journal of chemical theory and computation, 2017, computational, 1052 citations · DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00118
  3. Using carbon dioxide as a building block in organic synthesis. — Liu Q, Wu L, Jackstell R et al. Nature communications, 2015, expert opinion, 778 citations · DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6933
  4. Bidentate, monoanionic auxiliary-directed functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds. — Daugulis O, Roane J, Tran LD Accounts of chemical research, 2015, expert opinion, 670 citations · DOI: 10.1021/ar5004626
  5. Weak coordination as a powerful means for developing broadly useful C-H functionalization reactions. — Engle KM, Mei TS, Wasa M et al. Accounts of chemical research, 2012, expert opinion, 1564 citations · DOI: 10.1021/ar200185g
  6. Overview of the CCP4 suite and current developments. — Winn MD, Ballard CC, Cowtan KD et al. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 2011, expert opinion, 10182 citations · DOI: 10.1107/s0907444910045749
  7. REFMAC5 for the refinement of macromolecular crystal structures. — Murshudov GN, Skubák P, Lebedev AA et al. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 2011, expert opinion, 7677 citations · DOI: 10.1107/s0907444911001314
  8. PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution. — Adams PD, Afonine PV, Bunkóczi G et al. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 2010, expert opinion, 22021 citations · DOI: 10.1107/s0907444909052925
  9. MolProbity: all-atom structure validation for macromolecular crystallography. — Chen VB, Arendall WB, Headd JJ et al. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 2010, expert opinion, 13010 citations · DOI: 10.1107/s0907444909042073
  10. Structure validation in chemical crystallography. — Spek AL Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 2009, expert opinion, 9963 citations · DOI: 10.1107/s090744490804362x
  11. Palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/C-C cross-coupling reactions: versatility and practicality. — Chen X, Engle KM, Wang DH et al. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2009, expert opinion, 2186 citations · DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806273
  12. Soft porous crystals. — Horike S, Shimomura S, Kitagawa S Nature chemistry, 2009, expert opinion, 1214 citations · DOI: 10.1038/nchem.444
  13. Inference of macromolecular assemblies from crystalline state. — Krissinel E, Henrick K Journal of molecular biology, 2007, expert opinion, 9110 citations · DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.05.022
  14. Catalytic carbophilic activation: catalysis by platinum and gold pi acids. — Fürstner A, Davies PW Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2007, expert opinion, 1303 citations · DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604335
  15. N-heterocyclic carbenes as organocatalysts. — Marion N, Díez-González S, Nolan SP Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2007, expert opinion, 677 citations · DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603380
  16. Functional porous coordination polymers. — Kitagawa S, Kitaura R, Noro S Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2004, expert opinion, 3962 citations · DOI: 10.1002/anie.200300610
  17. N-heterocyclic carbenes: a new concept in organometallic catalysis. — Herrmann WA Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2002, expert opinion, 1221 citations · DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020415)41:8<1290::aid-anie1290>3.0.co;2-y
  18. Ionic liquid (molten salt) phase organometallic catalysis. — Dupont J, de Souza RF, Suarez PA Chemical reviews, 2002, expert opinion, 1007 citations · DOI: 10.1021/cr010338r
  19. Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed by a K+ channel-Fab complex at 2.0 A resolution. — Zhou Y, Morais-Cabral JH, Kaufman A et al. Nature, 2001, expert opinion, 1571 citations · DOI: 10.1038/35102009
  20. Modular chemistry: secondary building units as a basis for the design of highly porous and robust metal-organic carboxylate frameworks. — Eddaoudi M, Moler DB, Li H et al. Accounts of chemical research, 2001, expert opinion, 1520 citations · DOI: 10.1021/ar000034b
  21. Crystallography & NMR system: A new software suite for macromolecular structure determination. — Brünger AT, Adams PD, Clore GM et al. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 1998, expert opinion, 13781 citations · DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998003254
  22. The CCP4 suite: programs for protein crystallography. — Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4 Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 1994, expert opinion, 13977 citations · DOI: 10.1107/s0907444994003112